diff --git a/config.def.h b/config.def.h
index eb9cbfe..bcb70f3 100644
--- a/config.def.h
+++ b/config.def.h
@@ -3,8 +3,15 @@
 /* appearance */
 static const unsigned int borderpx  = 1;        /* border pixel of windows */
 static const unsigned int snap      = 32;       /* snap pixel */
+static const unsigned int gappih    = 10;       /* horiz inner gap between windows */
+static const unsigned int gappiv    = 10;       /* vert inner gap between windows */
+static const unsigned int gappoh    = 10;       /* horiz outer gap between windows and screen edge */
+static const unsigned int gappov    = 10;       /* vert outer gap between windows and screen edge */
+static const int smartgaps          = 0;        /* 1 means no outer gap when there is only one window */
 static const int showbar            = 1;        /* 0 means no bar */
 static const int topbar             = 1;        /* 0 means bottom bar */
+static const int vertpad            = 10;       /* vertical padding of bar */
+static const int sidepad            = 10;       /* horizontal padding of bar */
 static const char *fonts[]          = { "monospace:size=10" };
 static const char dmenufont[]       = "monospace:size=10";
 static char normbgcolor[]           = "#222222";
@@ -130,3 +137,73 @@ static Button buttons[] = {
 	{ ClkTagBar,            MODKEY,         Button3,        toggletag,      {0} },
 };
 
+void
+setlayoutex(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	setlayout(&((Arg) { .v = &layouts[arg->i] }));
+}
+
+void
+viewex(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	view(&((Arg) { .ui = 1 << arg->ui }));
+}
+
+void
+viewall(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	view(&((Arg){.ui = ~0}));
+}
+
+void
+toggleviewex(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	toggleview(&((Arg) { .ui = 1 << arg->ui }));
+}
+
+void
+tagex(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	tag(&((Arg) { .ui = 1 << arg->ui }));
+}
+
+void
+toggletagex(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	toggletag(&((Arg) { .ui = 1 << arg->ui }));
+}
+
+void
+tagall(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	tag(&((Arg){.ui = ~0}));
+}
+
+/* signal definitions */
+/* signum must be greater than 0 */
+/* trigger signals using `xsetroot -name "fsignal:<signame> [<type> <value>]"` */
+static Signal signals[] = {
+	/* signum           function */
+	{ "focusstack",     focusstack },
+	{ "setmfact",       setmfact },
+	{ "togglebar",      togglebar },
+	{ "incnmaster",     incnmaster },
+	{ "togglefloating", togglefloating },
+	{ "focusmon",       focusmon },
+	{ "tagmon",         tagmon },
+	{ "zoom",           zoom },
+	{ "view",           view },
+	{ "viewall",        viewall },
+	{ "viewex",         viewex },
+	{ "toggleview",     view },
+	{ "toggleviewex",   toggleviewex },
+	{ "tag",            tag },
+	{ "tagall",         tagall },
+	{ "tagex",          tagex },
+	{ "toggletag",      tag },
+	{ "toggletagex",    toggletagex },
+	{ "killclient",     killclient },
+	{ "quit",           quit },
+	{ "setlayout",      setlayout },
+	{ "setlayoutex",    setlayoutex },
+};